Time and Energy Budgets of American Black Ducks in Winter
Morton JM, Fowler AC, Kirkpatrick RL. 1989. Time and Energy Budgets of American Black Ducks in Winter. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(2):401-410
A study of winter time and energy budgets of American black ducks at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge. Includes information on the study area, observation methods; independence of scans; influence of weather, habitat, time, and tide; time and energy budget estimations; influence of human disturbance; agonistic encounters; behavioral and energetic considerations; and discussion.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Morton, John; Fowler, Ada; Kirkpatrick, Roy
- Units
- ASIS
- Keywords
- American Black Duck (Anas rubripes), Animal Behavior, Animal Studies, Assateague Island National Seashore MD VA, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge VA, Habitats, Human Impact, Winter