Every Day is Fire Day: A Study of Historic Fire Towers and Lookout Life in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Ingle LB. 2011. Every Day is Fire Day: A Study of Historic Fire Towers and Lookout Life in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Clemson University and the College of Charleston
When the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) was established in 1931, complete fire suppression was the fire management philosophy and goal in all national parks and forests across the country. Debris and undergrowth was cleared, fire breaks and manways were created, and thousands of fire towers were constructed. The young men of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided much of the manpower to complete these tasks, and the group’s signature rustic style left its mark on structures throughout the park. Ten towers and nine lookout cabins were built in GRSM between 1934 and 1939, and these sites were manned by lookouts during the two annual fire seasons for decades. The lookout jobs were isolated positions that required the patience to watch the forests daily from sunrise to sunset and the agility to be on alert at a moment’s notice during a lightning storm. In the 1970s, fire management techniques and approaches to fire patrol changed, and the fire towers in GRSM were abandoned. Over the next decade, all but four of the towers and one of the cabins were removed from the park. This thesis acknowledges the importance of the utilitarian structures themselves and cultural history they represent and takes into consideration the ever-changing preservation ethic of the National Park Service (NPS). NPS has revised their position from removing towers to avoid the stewardship burden of these historic properties to actively pursuing a National Register listing for all extant towers and lookout cabins within its boundaries. This thesis compiles the evidence for such a pursuit while exploring the cultural and architectural significance of these structures.
- Type
- Academic
- Authors
- Ingle, Laura
- Date of Issue
- 2011-05
- Publisher
- Clemson University and the College of Charleston
- Units
- GRSM
- Keywords
- APHN, Appalachian Highlands Network, AT, Barnett Knob, Bunker Hill, CCC, Cove Mountain, Cultural Resource, Fire History, Fire Management, fire towers, Frye Mountain, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Greenbrier Pinnacle, GRSM, GRSM-01041, High Rocks, Historic Structures, Look Rock, Mt. Cammerer, Mt. Sterling, Rich Mountain, SER, Shuckstack, Southeast Region, Spruce Mountain, thesis