Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution of Shell Shape, and DNA Barcoding in Polygyridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), an Endemic North American Clade of Land Snails
Perez KE, Defreitas N, Slapcinsky J, Minton RL, Anderson FE, Pearce TA. 2014. Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution of Shell Shape, and DNA Barcoding in Polygyridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), an Endemic North American Clade of Land Snails. American Malacological Bulletin. 32(1):1–31
A hypothesis of relationships among subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species of Polygyridae was established by Ken Emberton in 1995, using shell, behavioral, allozyme, and soft anatomical characters. We tested this hypothesis using four mitochondrial and two nuclear loci. We present data from 418 polygyrid individuals sequenced for one to six loci, including 110 named species (out of 294 nominal taxa) from 21 of the 24 recognized genera. We carried out phylogenetic and DNA barcoding analyses to examine relationships at the family, genus, and species-level. In our analyses, the subfamilies are not supported as monophyletic groups. The tribes Mesodontini, Ashmunellini and Vespericolini were recovered as monophyletic, while all other tribes were paraphyletic. Regardless of analysis method, we found a close, well-supported relationship between Mesodontini and Triodopsini, two tribes that were distantly related in Emberton’s hypothesis. Most genera were recovered as monophyletic with the notable exceptions of Cryptomastix Pilsbry, 1839, Mesodon Rafi nesque in Férussac, 1821, and Neohelix von Ihering, 1892. Of the species for which we had multiple individuals, populations of 27 formed monophyletic groups on our phylogenies, while 47 did not, indicating an urgent need for revisionary taxonomy at all levels of classifi cation in this family.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Perez, Kathryn; Defreitas, Nicholas; Slapcinsky, John; Minton, Russell; Anderson, Frank; Pearce, Timothy
- Units
- BISC , GRSM , SHEN
- Keywords
- Abrams Creek Campground, Andrews Bald, APHN, Appalachian Highlands Network, AT, Biodiversity, Clingmans Dome, Elliot Key, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, GRSM, GRSM-01046, Land Snails, Little Stone Man, Mollusca, Morphology, Mount Kephart, Phylogeny, Purchase Knob, SER, Snake Den Ridge, Southeast Region
- Subjects
- Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Terrestrial Invertebrates