The Black Gnats of California
Smith LM and Lowe H. 1948. The Black Gnats of California. Hilgardia. 18(3):157-183
Two SPECIES of biting gnats of the family Ceratopogonidae (Díptera) occur in California. These are the valley black gnat, Leptoconops torrens ' Townsend, and the Bodega black gnat, Holoconops kerteszi Kieifer. They are both vicious biters and are frequently extremely annoying to man, livestock, and poultry. Although the adults are well known to all residents of the breeding areas, the immature stages—egg, larva, and pupa—have remained undiscovered up to the present time. This study was undertaken to discover these immature forms, to determine the breeding areas, and to provide as much biologic information as possible, as a basis for control.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Smith, Leslie; Lowe, Homer
- Units
- PORE