Archeological findings of the Battle of Apache Pass, Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Sensitive version
Ludwig L. 2016. Archeological findings of the Battle of Apache Pass, Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Sensitive version. Natural Resource Report. NPS/FOBO/NRR—2016/1360. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado
This project was conceived from a need to gather information on an 1862 Apache Wars battle site. It was performed to pinpoint battle-event locations and to verify the accuracy of the historic record. The findings of the survey have also improved the accuracy of interpretation at the site and provide information crucial to natural resource management and planning. The project consisted of a metal-detector survey of the entire site. A small crew, consisting mainly of professional archeologists who provided their expertise as volunteers, performed the survey of known areas of the Apache Pass Battle Site. The project began in May 1996 and initially ran for three or four days. Conducted intermittently until its conclusion in 2015, the project moved slowly, with little funding. Areas to be surveyed were determined by studying the historical record and relying on previous observations of surface artifacts. The areas were surveyed using metal detectors, and artifacts were flagged. Due to the composition of the soil, which in most cases is rocky with little topsoil, many of the artifacts were found either on or within two inches of the surface. After a unit was surveyed, the artifacts were studied (weighed and measured if necessary), recorded, mapped, and flags removed. No collection was performed. For the initial survey, the park used a transit, stadia rod, and tape measures to point-provenience the artifacts.
- Type
- Published Report
- Authors
- Ludwig, Larry
- Date of Issue
- 2016-12
- Publisher
- National Park Service
- Units
- FOBO , NRSS
- Keywords
- Apache Pass, Apache Spring, archeology, Arizona, cultural landscape, cultural resources, Fort Bowie National Historic Site, natural resource management
- Subjects
- Ecological Framework: Human Use | Cultural Landscapes | Cultural Landscapes