Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system:In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls
Hoeke RK, Gove JM, Smith E, Fisher-Pool P, Lammers M, Merritt D, Vetter OJ, Young CW. 2009. Coral reef ecosystem integrated observing system:In-situ oceanographic observations at the US Pacific islands and atolls. Journal of Operational Oceanography. 2(2)
Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems on earth. They provide economic and environmental services to hundreds of millions of people in terms of shoreline protection; areas of natural beauty and recreation; and sources of food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, jobs, and revenue.1 At present, coral reef ecosystems worldwide are deteriorating at alarming rates due to local anthropogenic stressors, such as overexploitation, habitat destruction, disease, invasive species, land-based runoff, pollution, and marine debris; and to stressors associated with global climate change, especially increased ocean temperatures and ocean acidification.2,3 A thorough understanding of coral reef ecosystem dynamics is required if these valuable natural resources are to be conserved and, in some cases, restored. In addition to basic research, an increased level of assessment and monitoring is required for the sustainable management and resilience of coral reefs, echoing calls for increased coastal monitoring at all latitudes
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Hoeke, R; Gove, J; Smith, E; Fisher-Pool, P; Lammers, M; Merritt, D; Vetter, O; Young, C
- Units
- NPSA
- Keywords
- CRED, CREP, Hoeke, integrated observing system, National Park of American Samoa, NPSA