Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Cultural Landscape Report, Historic Structure Report, and Environmental Assessment

Anderson Hallas Architects, PC. 2011. Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Cultural Landscape Report, Historic Structure Report, and Environmental Assessment. Combined Historic Structure Report and Cultural Landscape Report. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Golden, Colorado

The purpose of the CLR/HSR is to research and record the history and existing condition of five historic light stations (landscapes and structures) at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. The combined CLR/HSR is intended to guide treatment and use of the aboveground cultural resources associated with light stations on Michigan, Outer, Devils, Long, and Sand Islands. An investigation and evaluation of the cultural landscape and historic structures was conducted using NPS and National Register of Historic Places guidelines, and this forms the body of the CLR/HSR. This document provides park managers with a comprehensive understanding of the physical evolution of the cultural landscape. It presents professional research and insight for NPS management that will inform decisions for appropriate treatment of significant cultural and natural resources, enhanced interpretation, and an improved visitor experience. This reference contains six volumes of the Cultural Landscape and Historic Structure Reports for the light stations of Michigan Island, Outer Island, Devils Island, Long Island and Sand Island at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. A summary document is also attached. Included are: Volume I: Introduction and Overall Development History Volume II: Michigan Island CLR/HSR Volume III: Outer Island CLR/HSR Volume IV: Devils Island CLR/HSR Volume V: Long Island CLR/HSR Volume VI: Sand Island CLR/HSR. In preparation for the CLR/HSR, all readily available park documentation was reviewed and a series of field investigations were conducted in 2009. The analyzed sources include historic drawings, historic photographs, and log books from lighthouse keepers, United States Coast Guard, and NPS volunteers. The light stations were built between 1856 and 1938, and their development coincided with the technological light station advances of the times. The CLR was conducted at a thorough level of investigation and documentation for Michigan Island and Long Island and at a limited level of investigation for Outer, Devils, and Sand islands. The work included historical research, existing condition assessment, and landscape analysis. The thorough level research methodology, as defined by the NPS, focuses on the use of select documentation of known and presumed relevance, including primary and secondary sources that are easily available. The thorough level of research and investigation did not include archeological techniques to locate buried ruins or artifacts. The CLR also utilized other materials provided by the Park Service such as the Historical Records Survey (HRS), Geographic Information System (GIS) database, National Historic Landmark (NHL) nomination, the park GMP, historic photographs, planning documents, and natural resource studies. Documented features include spatial organization, topography, views and vistas, circulation, buildings, structures, and vegetation. This inventory was undertaken to understand the island’s cultural landscape as a whole, and to document these features that contribute to its historic character. Findings for all islands are presented in an illustrated narrative format that includes brief written text, matrices, photographs, and maps.

Type
Published Report
Authors
Anderson Hallas Architects, PC
Date of Issue
2011-11
Publisher
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
Units
APIS , MWR
Keywords
Devils Island, Lake Superior, light station, lighthouse, log book, Long Island, Michigan Island, navigation, Outer Island, rehabilitation, Sand Island, Summary, technology, United States Coast Guard, Wisconsin
Subjects
CRIS-CL: 500362: Devils Island Light Station , CRIS-CL: 500363: Long Island Light Station , CRIS-CL: 500364: Michigan Island Light Station , CRIS-CL: 500365: Outer Island Light Station , CRIS-CL: 500368: Sand Island Light Station , CRIS-HS: 017090: Devils Island Light Stat Oil Storage Tank Complex , CRIS-HS: 017083: Devils Island Light Station Asst Keeper's Quarters , CRIS-HS: 017098: Devils Island Light Station Boathouse , CRIS-HS: 101592: Devils Island Light Station Cistern , CRIS-HS: 017099: Devils Island Light Station Dock , CRIS-HS: 017093: Devils Island Light Station Flagpole , CRIS-HS: 017084: Devils Island Light Station Fog Signal Building , CRIS-HS: 101594: Devils Island Light Station Hoist and Derrick Pier , CRIS-HS: 017082: Devils Island Light Station Keeper's Quarters , CRIS-HS: 017081: Devils Island Light Station Light Tower , CRIS-HS: 017085: Devils Island Light Station Oil House #1 , CRIS-HS: 017086: Devils Island Light Station Oil House #2 , CRIS-HS: 017091: Devils Island Light Station Oil Tank Cradles , CRIS-HS: 017100: Devils Island Light Station Outer Crib , CRIS-HS: 017087: Devils Island Light Station Pump House , CRIS-HS: 017089: Devils Island Light Station Radio Tower , CRIS-HS: 017097: Devils Island Light Station Roadway , CRIS-HS: 017092: Devils Island Light Station Sidewalk , CRIS-HS: 101596: Devils Island Light Station Stone Retaining Wall , CRIS-HS: 017095: Devils Island Light Station Tramway , CRIS-HS: 017094: Devils Island Light Station Tramway Engine Bldg , CRIS-HS: 017096: Devils Island Tramway Cart , CRIS-HS: 101645: Long Island Light Station Cistern , CRIS-HS: 101649: Long Island Light Station Concrete Fdtn Piers , CRIS-HS: 101642: Long Island Light Station Fog Signal Building Fdtn , CRIS-HS: 101651: Long Island Light Station Old Kpr's Quarters Ruin , CRIS-HS: 101652: Long Island Light Station Old Oil House , CRIS-HS: 101655: Long Island Light Station Power Lines , CRIS-HS: 101646: Long Island Light Station Radio Tower Pier Fdtn , CRIS-HS: 101644: Long Island Light Station Sidewalks , CRIS-HS: 101643: Long Island Light Station Tower , CRIS-HS: 101647: Long Island Light Station Triplex , CRIS-HS: 101648: Long Island Light Station Yellow Oil House , CRIS-HS: 101656: Long Island: Chequamegon Point Lighthouse , CRIS-HS: 006371: Michigan Is Light Sta First Tower and Keepers Qrts , CRIS-HS: 006388: Michigan Is. Light Sta Assist Keepers Apt/Workshop , CRIS-HS: 101135: Michigan Island Light Station Concrete Sidewalks , CRIS-HS: 006389: Michigan Island Light Station Keeper's Quarters , CRIS-HS: 006386: Michigan Island Light Station Power House , CRIS-HS: 006385: Michigan Island Light Station Privy , CRIS-HS: 101136: Michigan Island Light Station Radio Beacons , CRIS-HS: 006372: Michigan Island Light Station Second Tower , CRIS-HS: 006373: Michigan Island Light Station Shed , CRIS-HS: 006387: Michigan Island Light Station Steps/Tramway , CRIS-HS: 101141: Outer Is Light Sta Conc Cradle Underground Storage , CRIS-HS: 006380: Outer Island Light Station Brick Outhouse , CRIS-HS: 006377: Outer Island Light Station Dock , CRIS-HS: 101145: Outer Island Light Station Flagpole , CRIS-HS: 006378: Outer Island Light Station Fog Signal Building , CRIS-HS: 101140: Outer Island Light Station Keepers Quarters , CRIS-HS: 006376: Outer Island Light Station Light Tower , CRIS-HS: 006379: Outer Island Light Station Oil House , CRIS-HS: 101142: Outer Island Light Station Oil Tank Cradles , CRIS-HS: 101143: Outer Island Light Station Sidewalks , CRIS-HS: 101137: Outer Island Light Station Steps/Tramway , CRIS-HS: 006393: Raspberry Island Light Station Barn , CRIS-HS: 101623: Raspberry Island Light Station Boat House , CRIS-HS: 101628: Raspberry Island Light Station Cistern , CRIS-HS: 006391: Raspberry Island Light Station Dock , CRIS-HS: 006392: Raspberry Island Light Station Fog Signal Building , CRIS-HS: 006395: Raspberry Island Light Station Keeper's Privy , CRIS-HS: 006375: Raspberry Island Light Station Oil Building , CRIS-HS: 006374: Raspberry Island Light Station Shed #1 , CRIS-HS: 006396: Raspberry Island Light Station Shed #2 , CRIS-HS: 101630: Raspberry Island Light Station Sidewalks , CRIS-HS: 101624: Raspberry Island Light Station Steps/Tramway , CRIS-HS: 006381: Sand Island Light Station and Keeper's Quarters , CRIS-HS: 101558: Sand Island Light Station Concrete Walkways , CRIS-HS: 006382: Sand Island Light Station Oil House , CRIS-HS: 006383: Sand Island Light Station Privy

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