Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Groundwater Withdrawal and Injection of High-Salinity Water on Salinity and Groundwater Discharge, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi
Oki DS. 2021. Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Groundwater Withdrawal and Injection of High-Salinity Water on Salinity and Groundwater Discharge, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi. Scientific Investigations Report. 5004. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215004
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) is located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi and contains water resources exposed in fishponds, anchialine pools, and marine waters that are cultural resources and that provide habitat for threatened, endangered, and other culturally important native species. KAHO’s water resources are sustained by and dependent on groundwater discharge. In 1978, the year of KAHO authorization, the lands immediately surrounding KAHO were undeveloped and zoned for conservation purposes; at present, most surrounding lands are either developed or zoned for industrial, commercial, or residential use. Urbanization of the North Kona District has increased the need for additional drinking and nonpotable (irrigation) water. Because KAHO’s water resources may be affected by existing and proposed groundwater withdrawals and injections of high-salinity water in the surrounding area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, undertook this study to refine the understanding of how groundwater withdrawals and injection of high-salinity water may affect KAHO’s water resources.
- Type
- Published Report
- Authors
- Oki, Delwyn
- Date of Issue
- 2021
- Publisher
- U.S. Geological Survey
- DOI
- 10.3133/sir20215004
- Units
- KAHO , PACN
- Keywords
- Anchialine Pool, Coastal Ecosystems, Fishpond, Groundwater Dynamics Monitoring, Groundwater Dynamics Monitoring Reports, Hawaii, Monitoring, Salinity, Water Resources, Wetlands