Analysis of perceptions of natural resource planning in four 'wicked' situations

Lachapelle, Paul

The predominant planning model used in natural resource planning situations is termed synoptic and based on a Progressive Era paradigm stressing a reliance on technology, the maximization of efficiency and seeking an objective, apolitical orientation. Yet, natural resource issues are often characterized as "wicked" problems in which goals are contested and significant uncertainty exists regarding cause and effect relationships. New models of planning based on social learning and a transactional approach appear prudent but are infrequently used in these "wicked" situations. This study examines planner's perceptions of the environment in which they operate and their choice of planning models using a purposeful sample of twenty-eight individuals involved in four plarming processes occurring at various spatial and temporal scales in the northern Rocky Mountains (1. Bitterroot Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Recovery Process; 2. Glacier National Park General Management Plan; 3- Upper Clark Fork River Basin Management Plan; 4. Blackfoot River Recreation Management Plan). Applying a qualitative, interpretivist methodology based on in-depth interviews, the research details the themes that emerge from the transcribed interviews. These data are also analyzed using a quantitative approach to assess the relationship between the perceptions of the planning environment and the preferred model of planning. Results indicate that planners perceive the environment in which they operate as constrained due to procedural obligations, the inflexibility of the organization and an inability to identify and agree upon goals. In addition, the majority of planners recognize systemic-level issues, those involving the values and paradigms within society, as negatively affecting the planning environment. Paradoxically, while most planners recognize that they are constrained by various issues, they continue to apply synoptic models that are ill-suited to dealing with "wicked" problems. Several unexpected themes emerge relating to the importance of trust in planning and the notion that in certain circumstances, power held by individuals or organizations negatively affects the process. The constraining factors identified by planners in this study ultimately suppressed dialogue and did not allow for social learning to take place. The research provides evidence of the need to investigate how and to what degree flexibility should be applied in natural resource planning organizations in order to encourage innovative planning techniques and address systemic-level issues.

Analysis of perceptions of natural resource planning in four 'wicked' situations

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