Factors influencing the distribution, abundance, and reproductive success of ospreys in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota
Cuthbert FJ and Rothstein A. 1988. Factors influencing the distribution, abundance, and reproductive success of ospreys in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Research/Resources Management Report MWR-14. National Park Service. Omaha, NE
"Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) were studied for two breeding seasons in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, to determine factors that influence their distribution, abundance and reproductive success. Osprey distributions and reproductive success was estimated from aerial and ground nest surveys conducted in spring and late summer. Nests were categorized according to their proximity to the four largest bodies of water which represented different levels of water fluctuation, fish productivity and human disturbance." (Excerpts from author's abstract)