Factors regulating winter input/output budgets in a watershed draining into Lake Superior
Toczydlowski D and Stottlemyer R. 1992. Factors regulating winter input/output budgets in a watershed draining into Lake Superior. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 73(2):367
Since 1982 to the present, snowfall, snowpack, and streamwater chemistry were measured in a small (153 ha) gauged watershed vegetated by northern hardwoods. Snowfall and ion load significantly increased (p 3 kg ha-1) constitute a major fraction of ecosystem requirements. Peak snowpack N content is about 30% of inputs, and ecosystem output 3.5 kg ha-1 with output 5 kg ha-1. In excess of 99% of H+ inputs (0.5 kg ha-1) are retained. Except for s, the most significant outputs of these ions with high snowpack loads occur during midwinter thaws. By spring thaw >50% of the snowpack ion load has been lost. Ca inputs are <0.8 kg ha-1. outputs are highly variable depending upon the pattern of snowmelt which, due likely to piston action, determines the relative contribution of high concentration soil solution to streamwater.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Toczydlowski, David; Stottlemyer, Robert
- Units
- ISRO
- Keywords
- Aquatic Sciences, Global Climate Change, Hydrology, Watershed