The Pygmy Rabbit from Utah to Montana

Janson, Reuel

The pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus irlahoensis) is distributed intermittently in the Great Basin and adjoining areas. It has been found in eight western states and six major drainage systems. Because of its spotty distribution and retiring habits, it is one of out least known mammals. It was discovered in Idaho in 1890, found in Montana in 1918, and first reported in Utah in 1932. Its small size, short ears and tail, cranial characteristics and burrowing habits distinguish it from other American leporids. Throughout its range, the species is surprisingly constant in color, size and habits, and there are no subspecies. It is adaptable to a variety of habitats, but is dependent on sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) for food and cover, and on deep·; soft soil for burrows. This paper is based on the author's studies of the pygmy rabbit on two study areas in Utah and one in Idaho between 1938 and 1946; and limited observations in Montana and Utah in 2001. The initial studies resulted in a 435-kilometer southward extension of the known Utah range. Data were obtained on the life history, habitat, ecology and mortality of this species through the collection of specimens and field observations. The results were reported in two theses at Utah State University. The current status of the rabbit in the three-state area was ascertained through review of recent literature, visits and correspondence with state authorities, and a cursory follow-up visit to some former study sites. The recent information indicates that pygmy rabbit populations have declined in some areas largely because of human activities. Land development for construction, farming and range "improvement" for grazing has taken a toll of the sagebrush habitat the rabbit needs. In the three states where studies were made, the rabbit is the most threatened in Utah and the least, in Montana. Conservation of sagebrush lands is necessary for the continued existence of this species in the wild A captive breeding program is being conducted by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.