Lichens of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Belfield, Thomas; Geiser, Linda

A brief, ecological survey of the lichens of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) was undertaken between January 22 and February 5, 1999. Eighty-four species were collected, many photographed and notes about the lichens, substrates and habitats taken. Study sites were chosen along an elevational gradient from sea level to 6,700 feet, encompassing the dominant vegetation zones in the Park. Species diversity and biomass was smallest in coastal lowlands and mid-elevation woodlands periodically innundated by volcanic fumes. Highest lichen diversity was observed in the mesic forest and mid-elevation wet forest exposed to clean cloud and ocean tradewinds. Acid rain and lack of light are probable factors limiting lichen species richness and biomass in the rain forest. Diversity was intermediate in drier, exposed montane and sub-alpine shrublands. Pertinent references, a guide to the identification of HAVO lichens, and the lichen herbarium database are included as appendices. The small lichen collection in the Park herbarium was also examined and many new additions made.