Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere
Magnuson JJ, Robertson DM, Benson BJ, Wynne RH, Livingstone DM, Arai T, Assel RA, Barry RG, Card V, Kuusisto E, Granin NG, Prowse TD, Stewart KM, Vuglinski VS. 2000. Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere. Science. 289(5485):1743-1746
Freeze and breakup dates of ice on lakes and rivers provide consistent evidence of later freezing and earlier breakup around the Northern Hemisphere from 1846 to 1995. Over these 150 years, changes in freeze dates averaged 5.8 days per 100 years earlier; these translate to increasing air temperatures of about 1.2 degrees C per 100 years. Interannual variability to both freeze and breakup dates has increased since 1950. A few longer time series reveal reduced ice cover (a warming trend) begining as early as the 16th century, with increasing rates of change after about 1850.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Magnuson, J; Robertson, D; Benson, B; Wynne, R; Livingstone, D; Arai, T; Assel, R; Barry, R; Card, V; Kuusisto, E; Granin, N; Prowse, T; Stewart, K; Vuglinski, V
- Units
- ROMN
- Keywords
- Hydrology, Surface Water, Water Management