Probabilistic risk assessment for snails, slugs, and endangered honecreepers in diphacinone rodenticide baited areas on Hawaii, USA
Johnston JJ, Pitt WC, Sugihara RT, Eisemann JD, Primus TM, Holmes MJ, Crocker J. 2005. Probabilistic risk assessment for snails, slugs, and endangered honecreepers in diphacinone rodenticide baited areas on Hawaii, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 24(6):1557-1567
Three probabilistic models were developed for characterizing the risk of mortality and subacute coagulopathy to Poouli, an endangered nontarget avian species, in broadcast diphacinone-baited areas on Hawaii, USA. For single-day exposure, the risk of Poouli mortality approaches 0. For 5-d exposure, the mean probability of mortality increased to 3% for adult and 8% for juvenile Poouli populations. For Poouli that consume snails containing diphacinone residues for 14 d, the model predicted increased levels of coagulopathy for 0.42 and 11% of adult and juvenile Poouli populations, respectively. Worst-case deterministic risk characterizations predicted acceptable levels of risk for nonthreatened or endangered species such as northern bobwhite quail and mallards. Also, no acute toxicity was noted for snails and slugs that feed on diphacinone baits.
- Type
- Journal Article
- Authors
- Johnston, John; Pitt, William; Sugihara, Robert; Eisemann, John; Primus, Thomas; Holmes, Melvin; Crocker, Joe
- Units
- HAVO
- Keywords
- Animal Studies, Birds, Diphacinone, Exotic/Invasive Species-Animals, Hawaii, honeycreepers, Integrated Pest Management, Invertebrates, Poouli, probabilistic risk, rats (Rattus sp.), rodenticide, slugs, Snails, Threatened-Endangered-Sensitive Animals