SWAN Monitoring Marine Nearshore

Coletti H. SWAN Monitoring Marine Nearshore. 2006. National Park Service

The nearshore is broadly recognized as highly susceptible and sensitive to a variety of both natural and human disturbances on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. For example, observed changes in nearshore systems have been attributed to such diverse causes as global climate change, earthquakes, oil spills, human disturbance and removals, and influences of invasive species. Nearshore systems are especially good indicators of change because organisms in the nearshore are relatively sedentary, accessible, and manipulable. Also, in contrast to other marine habitats, there is a comparatively thorough understanding of mechanistic links between species and their physical environment that facilitates understanding causes for change. Additionally, the nearshore is the one habitat within which it is most likely that we will be able to detect relatively localized sources of change, tease apart human induced from naturally induced changes and, provide suggestions for management actions to reduce human induced impacts. Because many of the organisms in the nearshore are sessile or have relatively limited home ranges, they can be geographically linked to sources of change with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Sea otter objectives: Estimate distribution and density of sea otters in Southwest Alaska parklands. Estimate age composition of dying sea otters. Investigate role and response to the structure and function of nearshore communities. Kelp and eelgrass objectives: Document broad-scale decadal changes in occurrence and distribution of canopy kelps, eelgrass, and surfgrass along the entire length of the southwest Alaska coastline using oblique aerial video imagery. Document smaller-scale annual changes in species composition, distribution, and relative abundance of kelps and seagrasses within intensively sampled sites. Intertidal invertebrates objectives: Monitor long-term trends in invertebrate species size, distribution, density, and percent cover at randomly selected sites in sheltered rocky and mixed sand-gravel habitats as well as specified mussel bed sites. Marine bird objectives: Estimate the species composition, distribution, and density of marine birds and mammals that occur within nearshore habitats. Black oystercatcher objectives: Determine black oystercatcher nest density, nest occupancy rates, and size and species composition of prey brought back to the nest site to provision chicks. Marine water chemistry objectives: Monitor status and trends in the concentration of metals, organochlorides, PCBs, and mercury in mussel tissue.

Type
Project
Authors
Coletti, Heather
Publisher
National Park Service
Units
KATM , KEFJ , SWAN
Keywords
black oystercatcher, eelgrass, intertidal, invertebrate, kelp, mussel, sea otter, sea star
Subjects
Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Marine Communities , Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Intertidal Communities , Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Birds

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