SWAN Monitoring Freshwater Contaminants

Southwest Alaska Network. SWAN Monitoring Freshwater Contaminants. 2005. National Park Service

Resident (non-migratory) lake fish are key indicators of ecosystem health in southwest Alaska. They are also important to recreational and subsistence fisheries. Understanding their contaminant levels, therefore, is crucial. Many contaminants accumulate over time in fish tissue, especially in long-lived piscivorous species. When contaminant levels reach certain thresholds, fish consumption can be harmful and safety advisories can be issued for particular lakes or species. Consequently, elevated contaminant levels have human health ramifications, as well as broader ecological consequences. Since 2005, we have sampled more than 300 fish, representing 9 species from 18 lakes in 2 park units. These samples indicate that some resident lake fish species in southwest Alaska lakes have elevated concentrations of mercury, the majority of which is methylmercury, a potent neurotoxin. Why do these fish, which inhabit some of the most pristine and remote waters in North America, have such elevated mercury levels? And what accounts for differences in fish mercury levels among lakes? Factors driving fish mercury levels can be grouped into two broad categories: distant and local. Distant factors are atmospheric emissions (notably from coal burning), and subsequent long-range transport and deposition. Local factors influence the distribution of distantly derived mercury. Fish age and species also help determine mercury concentrations, in that older top predators tend to have higher concentrations. Understanding the interplay of each of these factors will help make sense of the observed pattern in the mercury levels of fish. Our monitoring objectives are to: Assess spatial differences in mercury contamination of resident lake fish. Evaluate temporal trends in mercury contamination of resident lake fish. Identify lakes where mercury contamination of resident lake fish may pose a risk to humans by surpassing accepted toxicological benchmarks. We monitor resident lake fish in four high priority lakes in Katmai and Lake Clark national parks and preserves.

Type
Project
Authors
Southwest Alaska Network
Publisher
National Park Service
Units
KATM , LACL , SWAN
Keywords
lake trout, mercury, resident lake fish
Subjects
Ecological Framework: Water | Water Quality | Toxics , Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Freshwater Communities , Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Fishes

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