PACN Monitoring Benthic Marine Community
McKenna S . PACN Monitoring Benthic Marine Community. 2006. National Park Service
The benthic marine community in the Pacific Island Network (PACN) is a complex ecologic system and a diverse taxonomic environment, including algae and corals and other invertebrates. Reef-building corals are the primary architectural organism and are sensitive to environmental degradation; therefore, they are a good indicator of overall health for nearshore park’s marine ecosystems. Primary stressors to coral reefs include disease, bleaching, sedimentation, eutrophication, storms, and global climate change. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has proposed using coral reefs as a worldwide indicator ecosystem for global climate change (Spalding et al. 2004). For these reasons, the PACN has chosen to implement long term monitoring of benthic marine communities. Benthic marine communities is most closely linked with marine fish, and monitoring efforts will be conducted at the same time and location to maximize data value.
- Type
- Project
- Authors
- McKenna, Sheila
- Publisher
- National Park Service
- Units
- KAHO , KALA , NPSA , PACN , WAPA
- Keywords
- algae, American Samoa, benthic, biology, biota, corals, Guam, hardbottom, Hawaii, invertebrates, KAHO, KALA, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Molokai, monitoring, National Park of American Samoa National Park, NPSA, oceans, Ofu, substrate, Tutuila, WAPA, War In The Pacific National Historical Park
- Subjects
- Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Marine Communities
Program
Products
- Pacific Islands Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol: Version 2.0
- SOP #01: Before the Field Season. Version 3.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #02: Training Observers. Version 3.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #03: Safety Protocol. Version 3.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #04: Using Garmin GPS Units. Version 3.03. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #05: Downloading and Uploading Data from/to a Garmin GPS. Version 1.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #06: Pre-Dive Equipment Preparation. Version 3.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #07: Selecting and Marking Subtidal Sampling Transect Locations. Version 3.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #08: Conducting Marine Benthic Cover and Rugosity Surveys. Version 3.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #09: Conducting Coral Settlement Sampling. Version 2.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #10: Measuring Coral Growth (Optional). Version 2.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #11: Post-Dive Procedures and Equipment Maintenance. Version 2.04. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #12: Workspace Setup and Project Records Management. Version 1.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #14: Data Entry, Verification, and Certification. Version 3.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #15: Managing Photographic Images. Version 4.0. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #13: Datasheet Handling Procedures. Version 1.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #16: Benthic Image Analysis. Version 4.0. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #17: Settlement Analysis. Version 2.03. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #18: Metadata Development. Version 1.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #19: Sensitive Information Procedures. Version 1.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #20: Product Delivery Specifications. Version 1.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #21: Product Posting and Distribution. Version 1.01. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #22: Statistical Data Analysis and Reporting. Version 3.0. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #23: After the Field Season. Version 2.02. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- SOP #24: Revising the Protocol. Version 2.03. Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community Monitoring Protocol. Unpublished National Park Service Report, Pacific Island Inventory and Monitoring Network, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii.
- Status and Trends of Coral Reefs of the Pacific
- Combining fish and benthic communities into multiple regimes reveals complex reef dynamics
- Coral bleaching, mortality and benthic community assemblages on the reefs within the Pacific Island Network national parks
- Coral reefs benefit from reduced land–sea impacts under ocean warming
- Coral taxonomy and local stressors drive bleaching prevalence across the Hawaiian Archipelago in 2019
- Estimating indicators and reference points in support of effectively managing nearshore marine resources in Hawai'i
- Informing coral reef management decisions at four U.S. National Parks in the Pacific using long-term monitoring data
- Kalaupapa National Historical Park benthic marine community monitoring trend report for 2006–2010: Pacific Island Network
- Trend and power analysis for National Park Service marine data from 2006 to 2010: Pacific Island Network
- A Slice of the Future Served on a Terra Cotta Plate
- Algae Grazers Help Clean Up
- Benthic Marine (Seafloor) Update at Kalaupapa National Historical Park
- Benthic Marine Monitoring
- Benthic Marine Resources in American Samoa
- Blue Soft Coral: Menace to Reef Society or Good Neighbor?
- Coral Bleaching Monitoring on Guam
- Coral decline in the Pacific Islands
- Coral Disease: What Corals Can Tell Us
- Coral Reefs at Kalaupapa National Historical Park
- Coral Reefs at Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park
- Coral Reefs at the National Park of American Samoa
- Coral Reefs at War in the Pacific National Historical Park
- Corallivore
- Fish & Benthic Monitoring Update on Guam
- Go There. Then Share
- Ocean Acidification: What Corals Can Tell Us
- On the nudibranch
- Sea Cucumbers
- Seafloor in 3D
- Stomatopods: The Meanest, Coolest, and Fanciest
- The Enigma of Ofu Lagoon, American Samoa
- 3D habitat complexity and coral morphology modulate reef fish functional structure in a Marine National Park
- 3D habitat complexity and coral morphology modulate reef fish functional structure in a Marine National Park
- Status and Trends of Coral Reefs of the Pacific 1980-2023
- Pacific Island Network Benthic Marine Community and Marine Fish Monitoring Data Package 2006 - 2023
- 3D Habitat Complexity and Coral Morphology Modulate Reef Fish Functional Structure in a Marine National Park
- Benthic Marine Community and Marine Fish Monitoring Database User Guide