Shallow Lake Monitoring in the Arctic and Central Alaska Networks of National Parklands.

Larsen A. Shallow Lake Monitoring in the Arctic and Central Alaska Networks of National Parklands.. 2004. National Park Service

Shallow lakes and ponds represent a significant proportion of the non-flowing waterbodies in CAKN parks, and they are a dominant feature of vast wetland and river bottom acreages in these parks. They provide important habitats for wetland plants, wildlife, and fish. The Arctic and Central Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Networks have adopted a holistic view of ecosystems and will track the major physical drivers of ecosystem change and responses of the two major components of the biota: plants and animals. For any ecosystem, the abundance and distribution of water is probably one of the strongest driving forces of ecological change. In this context, the networks have decided to approach monitoring water quality by focusing not just on the chemical nature of the water, but on the abundance and distribution of water in the landscape. Shallow lakes support abundant growth of lake-bottom and lake-edge plants. The high rates of primary production and the structure and nutrients provided by lake-edge plants provide habitat for macroinvertebrates, and rearing areas for waterfowl, shorebirds and fishes. Thus, the networks are interested in the biota living in, near and dependent on water-dominated parts of the landscape. The hydrological cycle in the region involves seasonal snow cover and permafrost, which interact with topography and geology to create vast wetlands characterized by the presence of shallow lake and pond systems. Over the past 20 years much concern has been raised regarding the drying of the shallow lake systems in CAKN parks because they often provide critical wildlife habitat. The natural processes of formation and filling of shallow lake systems is closely tied to permafrost dynamics and extensive permafrost degradation associated with anthropogenic climate change has been documented in Western Canada, Russia, China, Mongolia and interior Alaska. Anthropogenic global climate change and the subsequent effects on fire frequency and intensity as well as potential changes in the distribution of permafrost and hydrologic regime may lead to more rapid changes in the size, abundance or distribution of aquatic resources on the landscape. ​Objectives: Detect decadal-scale trends across CAKN parks in: 1.The size, distribution, and number of shallow lakes and ponds. 2. The water quality (chemistry) of shallow lakes and ponds. This objective includes monitoring four core variables as directed by the NPS Water Resources Division, including including temperature, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen. 3. The structure and composition of vegetation in shallow lake and pond margins. 4. Species richness and abundance of macroinvertebrate taxa in shallow lake and pond ecosystems.

Type
Project
Authors
Larsen, Amy
Publisher
National Park Service
Units
ARCN , BELA , CAKN , CAKR , DENA , GAAR , KOVA , NOAT , WRST , YUCH
Keywords
aquatic, chemistry, dissolved oxygen, macroinvertebrate, nutrient, pH, plants, pond, primary production, shallow lakes, Species richness, temperature, turbidity, water, water quality, wetland
Subjects
Ecological Framework: Geology and Soils | Geomorphology | Lake Features and Processes , Ecological Framework: Water | Water Quality | Water Chemistry , Ecological Framework: Water | Water Quality | Nutrient Dynamics , Ecological Framework: Water | Water Quality | Microorganisms , Ecological Framework: Water | Water Quality | Aquatic Macroinvertebrates and Algae , Ecological Framework: Biological Integrity | Focal Species or Communities | Freshwater Communities

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